CO2 fertilization is a research area that focuses on the effects of increased atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels on plant growth and productivity. This phenomenon occurs due to the fact that plants use CO2 during photosynthesis to produce energy and organic compounds. Higher concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere can enhance plant photosynthesis and growth, potentially leading to increased yields in crops and greater carbon sequestration in vegetation. However, the impacts of CO2 fertilization on different plant species, ecosystems, and agricultural practices are complex and can vary depending on factors such as nutrient availability, temperature, and water availability. Researchers in this field study the mechanisms and implications of CO2 fertilization to better understand its potential benefits and consequences for global ecosystems and food production.